Portable Device Information B

Integrated LDO and DC / DC regulator balance between efficiency and size of the program

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Phone's baseband processor to use the traditional LDO linear regulator power supply, the advantage of a variety of conditions, the output of the noise bias is low, fewer external components, small size, easy to use, disadvantage is low efficiency, but efficiency with chips group to reduce voltage drop. With the functions of cell phones increasing demand for power, designers are using DC / DC regulator to replace the LDO, in order to improve efficiency and maintain battery life. Although the DC / DC regulator provides an efficient alternative, but it is to be the ideal power management devices, need to address the size, noise and switching losses larger issues.

Fairchild Semiconductor Bruno Kranzen manager said that as the battery energy or capacity would be difficult with the rising power requirements, and therefore a smaller form factor to provide more efficient DC / DC conversion is a valid approach, in these systems There is a Switching DC / DC Regulators alternative to linear regulators trend. "

For example, Fairchild's high-speed switching DC / DC regulator FAN5350 switching frequency of 3MHz, designed for handheld applications core processors designed to power. ADI's ADP2102 is a 600mA, 3MHz step-down regulator, and micro-ceramic sensors and capacitors can still be co-existence of up to 93% efficiency.

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ADI's director of marketing for portable power products Arcadio Leon, said: "improve the frequency can use smaller capacitors and inductors, thereby reducing the footprint area, but because of increased operating frequency also reduces the overall system efficiency, so the next challenge lies in the operating frequency and found between the shape factor of an ideal balance. "With the increase of switching frequency, DC / DC regulator efficiency benefits will be greatly reduced. 2MHz frequency DC / DC switching loss caused by total loss of 20%, but in the 8MHz frequency, switching losses to rise to 40%.

Clearly, a balance between efficiency, size and cost approach is a combination of switch-mode DC / DC regulator and LDO's new power management IC, they have the former high-efficiency, and the latter's small size and ease of use advantages.

For example, Micrel's recently announced power management IC MIC2800 provides three voltage output: a switch-mode DC / DC regulator output, two LDO outputs. On-chip 2MHz DC / DC regulator provides up to 600mA of current efficiency of 93% or more, just miniature 2.2 F output capacitor and a 2.2 H inductor to stabilize the voltage. The company's power products Ralf Muenster, director of markets and applications, for example, in the digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) applications, the use of a LDO voltage of the lithium-ion battery is converted to 1.8V (for I / O power supply) and 1.2V (for core power supply), effective rates were 50% and 33%, while the use of integrated MIC2800 in the DC / DC regulator will be lithium-ion battery voltage down to 1.8V, the efficiency of 93%; and then integrated into the MIC2800 in the LDO will be 1.8V is converted to 1.2V, the efficiency of 66%. Other LDO provides a third output voltage, such as the RF voltage of 2.8V rail.

Micrel's director of power products markets and applications Ralf Muenster.

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ON Semiconductor's NCP1526 Dual-Output DC / DC regulators are also integrated 3MHz step-down switching regulator and LDO regulator for the digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) chip set or a WLAN module in the digital core power supply circuits and RF circuits. This has a number of DC / DC regulator and the LDO output power subsystems will help resolve the clamshell or slider phone board layout, reduce the PMU to flip from the motherboard PCB power alignment, reduce the EMI issue.

ON Semiconductor Product Marketing Manager, Jia-Han also said that power management devices should not only significantly improve full load of work (the current benchmark of 90%), the power conversion efficiency, reduce the time needed to standby (the current benchmark for the 1uA) state of the energy consumption. For the DC / DC regulators, the technology development trends will be used more in the PWM mode and pulse mode (to replace the pure PWM mode) between automatic conversion in order to save power consumption under light load of work.

LED backlight and flash applications, the power demand

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Almost all of the portable consumer electronics products are available in color LCD screen to display the users need different types of information and data. LCD's backlight is usually led by a white light to provide. In addition, many mobile phone also has a high resolution can capture still images and video images of the built-in digital cameras, camera performance improvements also had a right for the camera in indoor or dim ambient light conditions, the use of high-power white LED light source demand. These are spawned by a compact, efficient and low-noise way to serve the needs of those LED power supply.

White LED power supply ic usually charge pump and DC / DC regulators, the main difference between the two is the need for an inductor (magnetic components). For the low-load current must be provided in the space-constrained applications, the charge pump is an ideal choice because they use small-outline package, the required external components is very small. Most step-up DC / DC regulator is designed to provide a white LED backlighting for the efficient and designed for constant current drive.

"LED Power Supply IC technology trends is to integrate digital control interface to enhance operational flexibility, such as the LED backlight dimming control." Jia Han said. Semiconductor charge pump NCP5602/5612/5623 support multiple modes of voltage conversion, with a more optimized power conversion, and in lithium-ion battery peak efficiency in the initial stages of the work of up to 90%, the average efficiency of 85%. These devices are integrated into a digital control interface (single or I2C), to achieve LED dimming control. NCP5608 multi-mode charge pump LED drivers, both driving up to four LED in order to support the main screen and sub-screen backlight function, also provides high-current power supply, output current up to 400mA, to drive the 1W of the LED.

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Linear Technology's LTC3208 is a non-inductors, high current, the software can be configured to multi-display | Display LED controller capable of driving 17 LED. The device contains a 1A high efficiency, low-noise charge pump may be the main sub-displays for mobile phones, a camera LED display and an LED display of the auxiliary power supply. Because the devices have up to 95% efficiency and an I2C serial interface.

"If you only need a small LED backlight panel can, if the 3.5-inch LCD screen will also need to bias. For small panel applications, LED drivers and can be integrated with the LCD bias, but for large panel applications, integrated LCD bias on the more difficult. "Hsin-Tsung Ho Lung said. TPS65120 converter for portable electronic devices to meet the lcd module all the necessary power requirements. Single-piece four output inductor DC / DC regulator for smart phones, PDA, portable DVD players, digital cameras and other portable applications in the amorphous silicon (a-Si) and low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) displays provide bias power supply .

High-power LED flash brightness is to obtain high-quality pictures a factor. In some cases, the camera phone is used to drive the LED brightness by the high-power LED step-up DC / DC regulator efficiency limit. This is because the amount of current draw from the battery is limited, so high-efficiency LED would provide a higher power. Arcadio Leon that: At present, the new sensor-based lighting solutions, has a unique dynamic current management capabilities, which makes the system architecture engineers to maximize the supply of LED current, thus increasing the brightness and significantly improve the picture quality.

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ADI's ADP1653 is a dual-sensor-based high-power white LED driver, which can provide efficient than a single or low-intensity white led driver a higher camera flash, which makes them available in low-light conditions to achieve higher picture quality. ADP1653 peak efficiency of 92%, lithium-ion battery full voltage range of the typical efficiency is higher than 80%. Than the charge pump solution 40% efficiency, its efficiency is greatly improved.

The device uses a unique current management techniques, even in the battery to work simultaneously to multiple mobile phone functions (such as PA and LED flash) the case of electricity supply can be guaranteed picture quality. In order to reduce battery current overload, LED flash current is transmitted in the cell phone automatically adjust the RF signal, so that system design engineers to increase the LED drive current, do not have to worry about the system due to transient load the battery to shut down prematurely.

Linear Technology's LTC3454 is a camera designed for the high-current applications to optimize the efficiency of lighting, LED current control accuracy and designed products. LTC3454 is a synchronous buck - boost DC / DC regulator designed for the use of single-cell lithium-ion battery up to 1A of current to a single high power LED driver optimized. According to VIN and LED forward voltage, the device can be synchronous buck, synchronous boost and four-switch buck.

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Water fuel cell phone

High-tech fuel cell materials - water, fuel cell phone would be this life!

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Water fuel? Right! Have not you heard wrong, that is, water as fuel. Samsung is currently developing a micro fuel cell can be directly converted to hydrogen using water. This is so what's the do cherish? Alkali Kim Family (periodic table 1A) of metal with the water, stir together, do not have hydrogen can it? that courage you gave me to try sodium dumped into the water.

Certainly, this concept of product should not be used in such a strong activity in metal (perhaps with the oxide, but no sources, said commercial secrets?), But the principle is such a direct, metal in contact with water produces hydrogen gas, hydrogen in fuel batteries, and oxygen in the air role, the release of energy (it should also use a more moderate approach to oxidation of Health is able to), and finally is received 3W of electrical power output, while a certain quantity of water supply, probably enough to the general hand-held unit (currently used in cell phones) to play a ten hours.

At present some of the only drawback is that you must put the storage of hydrogen every few days to replace a small container (if it is used four hours a day, you'll replace one every five days time, this Xiaobian guess may be Excessive accumulation of unreacted oxygen sake), the future is the hope that they can save that person's step is annoyed. For the year 2010 can be formally used in the product to it? Let's wait and see!

When the notebook also has access to the fuel cell?

Fuel cells have been used in the PMP on the: HSTNN-IB09 , HSTNN-LB31 , 417066-001 , 395789-001 , HSTNN-OB53 , HSTNN-OB77 , etc.

This station PMP eat all methanol (methanol), and can through natural evaporation of the way to disperse water vapor, of course, there will be fuel capacity of instructions, reminding the user that the increase of fuel, and at the same time the fuel cell is said to be able to continuously play 1seg format film up to 10 hours, the current optimistic view of the Lok Toshiba time-table is scheduled to be installed in 2008 on products I do not know that time apart from Toshiba's own products, who could enjoy such benefits?

Japan's four major groups, to agree on new standards for lithium batteries

The battery for the ongoing security problems in late August, Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, the battery industry will, of Information and Communications Industry Association and video network equipment industry will have begun to cooperate in establishing technical standards for safe use of lithium batteries. According to reports, these industries Association involved in notebook computers, mobile phones and digital cameras and many other industries.

Previously, in order to ensure the safe use of lithium batteries, Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association and the battery industry, has been co-developed the "the safe use of notebook PC batteries Manual." In the future, these four large groups of the manual is expected to grow as the basis for the relevant standards discussion. According to another report, the Japanese economy, Trade and Industry is considering lithium batteries designated as "Consumer Product Safety Act of living" the specific products and will help the industry groups to develop technical standards.

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Industry sources pointed out that the explosion was mainly due to mobile phone battery causes, the use of poor quality or poor-quality battery charger, battery charging time is too long, high-temperature or short-circuit could cause an explosion. Compared with the cell phone explosion, notebook battery problem is even remarkable universal, Sony, Dell and other international brands have occurred due to battery problems caused by fire events, while the notebook manufacturers to recall events of the battery in question is not uncommon in recent years.

In 2020 will become China's third largest wind power, wind power market to accelerate expansion

Internet access prices in wind power increased "rationalization" of the background, the wind power market is accelerating expansion.

Yesterday at the 2007 Shanghai International Wind Energy Conference and Technology and Equipment Exhibition news conference, said Li Junfeng, vice chairman of the Global Wind Energy Council is expected to the end of 2010, China's wind power installed capacity to break down 10 million kilowatts, is expected to reach 12 million, or 1500 kilowatts.

It is reported that as of June 30, 2007, the National completion of wind power installed capacity of 1 million kilowatts, the cumulative installed capacity of 360 million kilowatts. End of this year is expected to add 2.4 million -260 million kilowatts. September of this year, China released "Renewable energy and long-term development planning "of the 2010 installed capacity of 5 million kilowatts of wind power target, you can ahead of three years to complete.

"According to capacity to position two years ago, China's installed capacity of wind power the world's No. 8, No. 6 last year, and this year up to No. 5." Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) Secretary-General Sawyer (Steve Sawyer) in the above news conference.

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He expects wind power market will continue to grow at a rate of 20%. By 2020, the global wind power installed capacity will reach 1000GW, the world's total power generating capacity accounts for 10% to 12%, and thus a corresponding reduction in 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

Li Junfeng revealed that this year China's wind power installed capacity has been added after the United States (5 million kilowatts) and next year will be closer to the U.S. installed capacity.

At the end of September, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to complete one million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity is expected to 2010, the autonomous region of wind power installed capacity is expected to reach 5 million kilowatts.

Energy Development Office of Shanghai Municipal Development and Reform Commission at the meeting also said Fang, Shanghai has built capacity of 2.44 MW wind power. 2010, Shanghai, wind power installed capacity will reach 200,000 MW -30 . Among them, on both sides of the East China Sea Bridge, the construction of 10 electric field thousands of Wahe the upper hand in 2010 Shanghai World Expo will be completed. Shanghai will also be in Nanhui, Fengxian, etc. plans to build offshore wind farm.

Li Junfeng, China's wind power development in long-term goal is that after 10 to 15 years of preparation, about 2020, making wind energy into thermal power, hydroelectric power generation after the third-largest conventional power supply, at least the capacity of 70 million kilowatts, to actively create conditions for realization of 100 million kilowatts, accounting for 10% of power generation capacity by then.

By 2040 or 2050 to achieve 500 million or 10 million kilowatts, in the then installed capacity and electricity generation accounts for more than 20%.

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Zinc market microstructure and price changes in the relationship between the battery.

(1) inventory and price changes fujitsu fpcbp101 , fujitsu fpcbp102

According to the law of the past, inventory and price changes in a negative correlation. The latest statistics show that, LME zinc stocks of 88,475 tons, stocks are still relatively high in recent months and canceled warrants 4125. Inventory increase is not sustained substantial, but the price collapse of Type drop should be understood as the surplus for 2008 ahead of the market to digest.

(2) positions and price changes fujitsu fpcbp101ap , fujitsu fpcbp102ap

Since mid-October 2007 has been a dramatic drop in zinc 30%, mainly due to the new short approach, a substantial increase in positions 17500 hand (+11.4%). Short position except, of course, the zinc price decline is mainly because the supply of zinc concentrate significant increase in the market to see an empty result.

(3) inventory increase or decrease in the water up with the quote change

Inventory and bids for both the spot in order to reflect the supply fujitsu Esprimo Mobile V5515 Battery and demand indicators, but is usually between the two negative correlation.

Changes in these three areas would be more direct impact on prices in 2008 to determine the trend of zinc prices also will be based on these data, specific judgments, after all, the market is rapidly changing.

4. The state of zinc is not a price adjustment of tariffs, the key to fujitsu Esprimo Mobile V5535 Battery

In the end of 2007, there has been speculation 0 # zinc 5% of the export tax rebate was abolished in 2008, replaced by a 5-10% export duty levied, making Shanghai zinc futures continuous explosion-down in the past, China’s refined zinc exports statistics analysis, we believe that short-term export policy adjustments may put pressure on domestic zinc city fujitsu Esprimo Mobile V5555 Battery, but the long-term zinc price will be supported.

New York State sony vgp-bpl9 battery Technological University - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) announced the development of cellulose and carbon nanotubes by the electric double layer capacitors, as well as the composition of Li-ion battery (in English published data). The thickness of these components is only tens of μm, the thickness of a human hair can be like a paper-bending. RPI researchers that “the future can take advantage of Roll to Roll printing technology manufactured batteries.” Technical details will be August 21, 2007 published in the academic journal “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” published.

RPI development of the following results: (1) developed to enable multi-layer carbon nanotubes (MWNT: multi-walled nanotubes) in order to form a brush shape as the main components of cellulose, cellulose membrane; (2) the use of two cellulose membranes made electric double layer capacitors; (3) using a cellulose membrane and the lithium electrode made of lithium batteries.

Cellulose membrane as porous membranes sony vgp-bps10 battery, use of the former need to penetrate up to 25% of the weight ratio of ionic liquids, etc. (RTIL: room-temperature ionic liquid) - [Bmin] [Cl] (1-butyl ,3-methylimidazolium chloride). RPI will be two of the film laminate, so that MWNT brush outwards, and then in the lateral formation of titanium (Ti / Au) film as an electrode, made of electric double layer capacitors. On the other hand, lithium batteries is to give a thin film laminate with the lithium electrode in the middle clip into lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) ionic liquid electrolyte instead of the outside foil electrodes attached. Two kinds of components, manufacturing methods were not open.

Electric double layer capacitor used in [Bmin] [Cl] ionic liquid has not volatile and so can be in a larger temperature range stability. Such ionic liquids through cellulose membrane pore diameter of 50 ± 5nm contact with the charge.

In the frozen bank and in vivo work can

The performance of electric double layer capacitor is as follows: electrostatic capacity of 22F / g, maximum operating voltage of 2.3V, the energy density of about 13Wh/kg, capacity of the existing electric double layer capacitor level. The weight per unit area of only 15mg/cm2, very light, and because [Bmin] [Cl] does not contain moisture, so the device operating temperature range is very large, reaching -77 ~ +150 ℃. The device, when the temperature dropped to -196 ℃ Although it is impossible sony vgp-bps10/b battery as a capacitor, but the temperature rise after full recovery. RPI is now confirmed that the components in repeated charge and discharge over 100 times, they could still maintain good features.

RPI said that apart from ionic liquids, the use of the component potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solution and human blood, sweat, urine and other body fluids as the electrolyte to achieve the same performance of the work. Therefore, the body is also expected to work as a pacemaker and other equipment with batteries.

Capacitor and rechargeable batteries for hybrid components are also expected to realize

Lithium battery charging voltage up to 3.6V, in order to 10mA / g for a fixed output power of discharge. Battery capacity in the first charging up to 430mAh / g, but the 2nd charge will be reduced to 110mAh / g below.

In the future, RPI plans to build integrated electric double layer capacitors and lithium sony vgp-bps10/s battery for hybrid components. The component is estimated to be, “which can play both characteristics of the capacitor and rechargeable batteries fully mixed” (RPI).

Nokia mobile phone batteries could overheat hidden object is Panasonic Battery manufactured 46 million

Finland’s Nokia (Nokia) announced that its mobile phone configuration lithium batteries “BL-5C” there is overheating risks, for which Nokia will replace the 46 million worldwide BL-5C battery (in English published data).

Replace the object is Panasonic Battery industry in December 2005 ~ November 2006 during the manufacture of BL-5C. Nokia is also entrusted to other battery manufacturers BL-5C, shipments reached 300 million or more, which need to be replaced for the 46 million.

Nokia says, BL-5C in the process of charging the phenomenon of occasional abnormal heat. At present, the report on the phenomenon of abnormal heat of about 100 cases, there is no serious incidents have been reported.

Nokia BL-5C is one of 14 types of mobile phone sony vgp-bps10a battery equipped with the “N70″, “N91″ mobile phone such as the balance 50. Nokia has already introduced the need for the user identification method replacement battery (BL-5C relevant information).

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